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| seats2_title = Senate | seats2 = | seats3_title = European Parliament | seats3 = | seats4_title = Regional Councils | seats4 = | seats5_title = General Councils | seats5 = | seats6_title = Municipal Councils | seats6 = | colours = Blue, White, Red | website = | country = France | footnotes = *Formerly part of the European Right (1984–89), European Right (1989–94), Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001) and Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007). }} The National Front ((フランス語:'Front national'), (:fʁɔ̃ na.sjɔ.nal) or FN) is a socially conservative, and nationalist, right-wing to far-right political party in France. Its major policies include economic protectionism, a zero tolerance approach to law and order issues, and anti-immigration. A eurosceptic party, the FN has opposed the European Union since its creation in 1993. The party was founded in 1972 to unify a variety of French nationalist movements of the time. Jean-Marie Le Pen was the party's first leader and the undisputed centre of the party from its start until his resignation in 2011. Marine Le Pen, his daughter, was elected as the current leader. While the party struggled as a marginal force for its first ten years, since 1984 it has been the major force of French nationalism.〔Shields, 2007, p. 229.〕 The 2002 presidential election was the first in France to include a far-right candidate in the run-off, after Jean-Marie Le Pen beat the Socialist candidate in the first round. In the run-off, he finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac. Due to the French electoral system, the party's representation in public office has been limited, despite its significant share of the vote.〔DeClair, 1999, pp. 46, 56 and 71.〕 While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of "de-demonization" of the party by softening its image. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right cultural roots, and to normalize it by giving it a culture of government, expelling controversial members like her father, who was suspended, and then expelled by his own party in 2015 after he referred, once again, to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the history of the Second World War";〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended )〕〔http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/fn/jean-marie-le-pen-exclu-du-front-national_1708366.html〕 he later set up the Blue, White and Red Rally.〔http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2015/09/05/le-rassemblement-bleu-blanc-rouge-la-surprise-de-jean-marie-le-pen_4747002_823448.html〕 Since her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the National Front continued to grow apace: the party won several municipalities at the 2014 municipal elections; it became the first French party at the 2014 European elections with 25% of the votes; and again in the last departmental elections in France,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National )〕 and Marine Le Pen would lead the first round of the 2017 presidential elections, according to various polls. As of 2015, the FN has established itself as one of the largest political forces in France. ==Background== The FN springs from a right-wing tradition in France that dates back to the French Revolution of 1789, and the party rejects both the revolution and its legacy. One of the primary progenitors of the party was the Action Française, founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in the Restauration Nationale,〔DeClair, 1999, pp. 13–17.〕 a pro-monarchy group that supports the claim of the Count of Paris to the French throne. More recently, the party drew from the Poujadism of the 1950s, which started out as an anti-tax movement without relations to the right-wing, but included among its parliamentary deputies "proto-nationalists" such as Jean-Marie Le Pen.〔DeClair, 1999, pp. 20–21, 31.〕 Another conflict that is part of the party's background was the Algerian War (many ''frontistes'', including Le Pen, were directly involved in the war), and the right-wing dismay over the decision by French President Charles de Gaulle to abandon his promise of holding on to French Algeria.〔DeClair, 1999, pp. 21–24.〕 In the 1965 presidential election, Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around the right-wing presidential candidate Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour.〔DeClair, 1999, pp. 25–27.〕 During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small extreme movements such as Occident, Groupe Union Défense (GUD), and the Ordre Nouveau (ON).〔DeClair, 1999, pp. 27–31.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「| seats2_title = Senate| seats2 = | seats3_title = European Parliament| seats3 = | seats4_title = Regional Councils| seats4 = | seats5_title = General Councils| seats5 = | seats6_title = Municipal Councils| seats6 = | colours = Blue, White, Red| website = | country = France| footnotes = *Formerly part of the European Right (1984–89), European Right (1989–94), Technical Group of Independents (1999–2001) and Identity, Tradition, Sovereignty (2007).}}The National Front ((フランス語:'Front national'), (:fʁɔ̃ na.sjɔ.nal) or FN) is a socially conservative, and nationalist, right-wing to far-right political party in France. Its major policies include economic protectionism, a zero tolerance approach to law and order issues, and anti-immigration. A eurosceptic party, the FN has opposed the European Union since its creation in 1993.The party was founded in 1972 to unify a variety of French nationalist movements of the time. Jean-Marie Le Pen was the party's first leader and the undisputed centre of the party from its start until his resignation in 2011. Marine Le Pen, his daughter, was elected as the current leader. While the party struggled as a marginal force for its first ten years, since 1984 it has been the major force of French nationalism.Shields, 2007, p. 229.The 2002 presidential election was the first in France to include a far-right candidate in the run-off, after Jean-Marie Le Pen beat the Socialist candidate in the first round. In the run-off, he finished a distant second to Jacques Chirac. Due to the French electoral system, the party's representation in public office has been limited, despite its significant share of the vote.DeClair, 1999, pp. 46, 56 and 71.While her father was nicknamed the "Devil of the Republic" by mainstream media, Marine Le Pen pursued a policy of "de-demonization" of the party by softening its image. She endeavoured to extract it from its far-right cultural roots, and to normalize it by giving it a culture of government, expelling controversial members like her father, who was suspended, and then expelled by his own party in 2015 after he referred, once again, to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the history of the Second World War";(【引用サイトリンク】title=France National Front: Jean-Marie Le Pen suspended )http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/politique/fn/jean-marie-le-pen-exclu-du-front-national_1708366.html he later set up the Blue, White and Red Rally.http://www.lemonde.fr/politique/article/2015/09/05/le-rassemblement-bleu-blanc-rouge-la-surprise-de-jean-marie-le-pen_4747002_823448.html Since her election as the leader of the party in 2011, the popularity of the National Front continued to grow apace: the party won several municipalities at the 2014 municipal elections; it became the first French party at the 2014 European elections with 25% of the votes; and again in the last departmental elections in France,(【引用サイトリンク】title=Local elections confirm a quarter of French voters support Front National ) and Marine Le Pen would lead the first round of the 2017 presidential elections, according to various polls. As of 2015, the FN has established itself as one of the largest political forces in France.==Background==The FN springs from a right-wing tradition in France that dates back to the French Revolution of 1789, and the party rejects both the revolution and its legacy. One of the primary progenitors of the party was the Action Française, founded at the end of the 19th century, and its descendants in the Restauration Nationale,DeClair, 1999, pp. 13–17. a pro-monarchy group that supports the claim of the Count of Paris to the French throne. More recently, the party drew from the Poujadism of the 1950s, which started out as an anti-tax movement without relations to the right-wing, but included among its parliamentary deputies "proto-nationalists" such as Jean-Marie Le Pen.DeClair, 1999, pp. 20–21, 31.Another conflict that is part of the party's background was the Algerian War (many ''frontistes'', including Le Pen, were directly involved in the war), and the right-wing dismay over the decision by French President Charles de Gaulle to abandon his promise of holding on to French Algeria.DeClair, 1999, pp. 21–24. In the 1965 presidential election, Le Pen unsuccessfully attempted to consolidate the right-wing vote around the right-wing presidential candidate Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour.DeClair, 1999, pp. 25–27. During the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small extreme movements such as Occident, Groupe Union Défense (GUD), and the Ordre Nouveau (ON).DeClair, 1999, pp. 27–31.」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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